//**************************************************************************
// function to clear the data from the cin stream up to and including the
// next new line character.
//**************************************************************************
void clrStream() {
   
   while (cin.peek() != '\n') cin.ignore();
   cin.ignore();    // ignore the newline as well
}


//**************************************************************************
// function to get a valid int -- pre-test version
//
// parameter usage -- i exports the integer obtained
//
// post-condition -- i is a valid integer and the cin stream marker is left
//                   at the first character after the extracted integer
//**************************************************************************
void getValid(int& i) {

   cin >> i;
   while (cin.fail()) {
       cout << "Invalid integer entered!! Reenter -- ";
       cin.clear();   // clear the error flag
       clrStream();   // clear bad data from the stream
       cin >> i;
   }
}  


//**************************************************************************
// function to get a valid int -- post-test version -- requires a flag!!!
//
// parameter usage -- i exports the integer obtained
//
// post-condition -- i is a valid integer and the cin stream marker is left
//                   at the first character after the extracted integer
//**************************************************************************
void getValid(int& i) {

    bool ok = true;
    do {
       cin >> i;
       if (cin.fail()) {
          cout << "Invalid integer entered!! Reenter -- ";
          cin.clear();                // clear the error flag
          clrStream();                // clear bad data from the stream
	  ok = false;                 // set our flag to stay in loop
       } 
    } while (!ok);
}


//**************************************************************************
// function to get a valid int -- alternate version using an infinite loop
//
// parameter usage -- i exports the integer obtained
//
// post-condition -- i is a valid integer and the cin stream marker is left
//                   at the first character after the extracted integer
//**************************************************************************
void getValid(int& i) {

   while (true) {
      cin >> i;
      if (cin.good()) break;          // valid int extracted so exit

      cout << "Invalid integer entered!! Reenter -- ";
      cin.clear();   // clear the error flag
      clrStream();   // clear bad data from the stream
   }
}