| Method prototype/operator | Explanation | Example |
|---|---|---|
| string() | default constructor; creates an empty string | string str1; |
| = | assign a string to this string | str1 = str2 |
| = | assign an array to this string | str1 = "help" |
| >> | extraction operator; ignores leading whitespace and extracts and stores characters until whitespace is found | cin >> str1 |
| << | insertion operator | cout << str1 |
void getline(istream& iStr,
string& str) | extracts and stores all characters, including whitespace, from the stream,iStr, through the next newline (\n) character. The newline character is extracted but not stored. If a newline character is found, the extracted characters are stored in str. If not, i.e. iStr.eof() is true, then str is not changed. Note that this is not a member function so the dot(.) operator is not used. | getline(cin, str1) |
void getline(istream& iStr,
string& str,
char delimiter) | extracts and stores all characters, including whitespace, from the stream,iStr, through the next delimiter. The delimiter is extracted but not stored. If a delimiter character is found, the extracted characters are stored in str. If not, i.e. iStr.eof() is true, then str is not changed. Note that this is not a member function so the dot(.) operator is not used. | getline(cin,str1,':') |
| == | equality operator | str1 == str2 |
| != | inequality operator | str1 != str2 |
| < | less than operator | str1 < str2 |
| <= | less than or equal operator | str1 <= str2 |
| > | greater than operator | str1 > str2 |
| >= | greater than or equal operator | str1 >= str2 |
| int length() | returns the number of characters in this string | i = str1.length() |
| char& at(int pos) | returns the character at position pos. Remember that strings start at position 0! If pos is not a valid position, the program will Abort at runtime. This is an l-value, that is, it can be used on the left hand side of an assignment statement. | c = str1.at(5) str1.at(5) = 't' |
| [ ] | same as at except that the index is not checked. | c = str1[5]; str1[5] = 't'; |
| int find(const string& str) | returns the position of the first occurrence of str in this string. Returns string::npos if str is not found. | i = str1.find(str2) |
string substr(int start,
int numChars) const | return a substring of this string beginning with the character at position start and numChars long. | str1=str2.substr(5,10); |
| void swap(string& str) | swaps the contents of the 2 strings | str1.swap(str2); |
| + | return the concatenated string | str1 + str2; str1 + "tion"; "con" + str1; str1 + 'h'; 'u' + str1; |